As early as 1917, the antibiotic in vivo effectiveness of margosates obtained from neem oil was proved by CHATTERJI and RAY in combating syphilis and other skin diseases. CHOPRA et al tested oil from neem seeds against a number of bacteria causing diseases in humans and animals. The oils were added directly to the substrates in vitro at different dilutions, Neem oil was very efficient against a human strain of the same bacterium showed some growth at the dilution of 22,000. P.pestis and S. aurex showed some growth already at a dilution of 5,000, while S.schotemelleri and K. pneumoniac showed normal growth at this concentration.
PATEL and TRIVEDI tested neem oil in a cup-plate method measuring the inhibition zones. Unfortunately, they did not use an antibiotic standard and compared only the inhibition of different oils with that of the emulsifier used, which have no inhibition. Neem oil showed the weakest inhibition when compared with oils of karanja, malkanguni and darudi. No inhibitions by neem oil was found against Pseudomonas Pyocyanea and Proteus Vulgaris. When compared with darudi oil, which in most cases ws the best inhibitor, neem oil gave only 63% inhibition for two strains of S. aureus genes var. aureus and M.pyogemer, B. subtilis, S. paratyphi and E. coli. Against another strain of S. aureus neem oil gave 65% inhibition; for C. diphtheriac, 67%; for S. schotmuelleri 74% and for S. typhosa, 78%. The maximum inhibition zone for darud and neem oil was 32 and 20 mm, respectively, achieved with S. aureus, the minimum was 21 and 14mm, respectively with C, dlphtheriae. However, in serial dilution tests darwal oil was less effective then neem oil in reaching the inhibiting concentration for S. aureus with 0.4% and 0.3% and for S. typhosa with 0.8% and 0.4%.
The antibacterial activity of neem oil in vitro was tested also by RAO et al. using many strains of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa(55), S.aureus, E. coli, Proteus spp, and Klebsiella Pneumoniae (?)(5). Inhibition with pure neem oil detected to the extent of 85%, 94%, 94%, 100% and 80% of the strains respectively. The effect was good for 11%, 12%, 21%, 8% and 60%, medium for 42%, 59%, 45%, 46% and 20% of the strains, and a week reaction was observed in 33%, 22%, 21%, 42% and 0% respectively. However inhibition was lost quickly, when the oil was diluted. In I/64 dilution none of the Pseudomonas Aeruginosa strains only 20% of S. aureus, E. coli ans Proteuis spp and 25% of K. aerogenes strains were still sensitive. SINGH et al. described in 1974 an antibiotical effort of neem oil on E. Coli.
Neem oil extracted with petrol either in a Soxhlet appratus showed in vitro inhibition of Bacillus pumilus, B.substiz, S. typhasa, S. paratyphi and S.aureus using filter disc test, but it is difficult to quantity of activity as a results of controls were given.
PATEL and TRIVEDI tested neem oil in a cup-plate method measuring the inhibition zones. Unfortunately, they did not use an antibiotic standard and compared only the inhibition of different oils with that of the emulsifier used, which have no inhibition. Neem oil showed the weakest inhibition when compared with oils of karanja, malkanguni and darudi. No inhibitions by neem oil was found against Pseudomonas Pyocyanea and Proteus Vulgaris. When compared with darudi oil, which in most cases ws the best inhibitor, neem oil gave only 63% inhibition for two strains of S. aureus genes var. aureus and M.pyogemer, B. subtilis, S. paratyphi and E. coli. Against another strain of S. aureus neem oil gave 65% inhibition; for C. diphtheriac, 67%; for S. schotmuelleri 74% and for S. typhosa, 78%. The maximum inhibition zone for darud and neem oil was 32 and 20 mm, respectively, achieved with S. aureus, the minimum was 21 and 14mm, respectively with C, dlphtheriae. However, in serial dilution tests darwal oil was less effective then neem oil in reaching the inhibiting concentration for S. aureus with 0.4% and 0.3% and for S. typhosa with 0.8% and 0.4%.
The antibacterial activity of neem oil in vitro was tested also by RAO et al. using many strains of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa(55), S.aureus, E. coli, Proteus spp, and Klebsiella Pneumoniae (?)(5). Inhibition with pure neem oil detected to the extent of 85%, 94%, 94%, 100% and 80% of the strains respectively. The effect was good for 11%, 12%, 21%, 8% and 60%, medium for 42%, 59%, 45%, 46% and 20% of the strains, and a week reaction was observed in 33%, 22%, 21%, 42% and 0% respectively. However inhibition was lost quickly, when the oil was diluted. In I/64 dilution none of the Pseudomonas Aeruginosa strains only 20% of S. aureus, E. coli ans Proteuis spp and 25% of K. aerogenes strains were still sensitive. SINGH et al. described in 1974 an antibiotical effort of neem oil on E. Coli.
Neem oil extracted with petrol either in a Soxhlet appratus showed in vitro inhibition of Bacillus pumilus, B.substiz, S. typhasa, S. paratyphi and S.aureus using filter disc test, but it is difficult to quantity of activity as a results of controls were given.
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